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10 April 2006: No 21/06

MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS AWARENESS

What is it?

It is a serious infection caused by a bacterium called Neiserria Meningitidis.

There are two ways in which it affects people – one way is through an infection of the membranes around the brain – this is called meningitis.

It can also cause a blood infection called meningococcal septicaemia.

When does it occur?

Throughout the year, with a seasonal increase during the dry months of May, June and July, with a peak in August.

What are the symptoms?

It starts off with symptoms such as fever and headache (sometimes with a sore throat and runny nose) and progresses to neck stiffness, vomiting and drowsiness in the case of meningitis, and a severe rash in the case of septicaemia.

What should you do if you develop these symptoms?

Consult your doctor immediately.

What is the incubation period?

It ranges from 2 to 10 days, but is commonly 3 to 4 days.

How is it spread?

Respiratory droplets from the nose and throat of the infected persons, coughing and sneezing.

Can it be treated?

This condition can be treated with antibiotics.

How is the spread controlled?

Prophylactic (preven-tative) antibiotics are given to close contacts – military personnel, family members, “kissing” contacts and those co-habitating in a “confined” environment.

The symptoms of contacts are to be monitored.

Any enquiries in this regard may be directed to Col H.S. Venter, Director Environmental Health or Col M. Opperman, SSO at Director Medicine, tel (012) 671- 5201.